نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 61 (پاییز 1400)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder compromises a group of mental disorders manifesting themselves with important features such as involuntary and mind-disturbing thoughts; harassing, recurring, and stereotypical actions and behaviors which have been all formed in line of avoiding anxiety or negating obsessive thoughts that do establish a destructive role in degrading the quality of life and disrupting one’s social and occupational functions. This present research is to investigate role of introversion, alexithymia, and impulsiveness in the obsessive-compulsive disorder. For this purpose, a survey on 230 citizens of Badrood city was conducted based on the sampling method available in which their introversion, alexithymia, and impulsiveness in the obsessive-compulsive disorder were thoroughly covered. The findings demonstrated that the respondent tended mildly towards obsessive thoughts and behaviours. As far as impulsiveness was concerned, majority of the citizens revealed low impulsivity and their ability in recognizing and expressing emotions; and sympathizing and restring the situation appeared to be moderate. 6.6% of the cases were totally introverted. Based on the findings gained, it was confirmed that impulsivity, introversion, and alexithymia influenced directly and positively the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, the most prevalent effect of the indices on the OCD was pertained to the inversion and impulsivity variables, respectively

Although it is well known that families of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk for increased stress and other problems, little is known about what child characteristics may mediate that risk. The aim of this study was to determine the role of behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder in predicting their mothers’ internalized stigma and parenting stress. To this end, through descriptive research conducted in the framework of correlation studies, 60 children with autism and their mothers were selected from all children with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers who referred to two rehabilitation centers in Tehran by convenience sampling and were evaluated in terms of behavioral problems, internalized stigma, and parental stress index. Results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that there was a relationship between behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers’ internalized stigma and parenting stress (p<0.05). Internalizing and hyperactive behaviors in children explained 27.3% of parental stress variance, and externalizing and hyperactive behaviors in children explained 27.9% of maternal internalized stigma. Hence, educational and supportive programs for parents are recommended, especially for mothers, along with rehabilitation of children with autism.

HIV is a chronic disease with a high mortality rate, and one of the most serious word health challenges. This study examines the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on depression and apathy among HIV infected women. Psychological problems of AIDS patients do not allow them to follow treatment regimens. Therefore, they are less adherent to the treatment and get less results from the treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing depression and apathy in HIV infected women. In this semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design in company with follow up stage, 40 HIV infected women were assigned to control and experimental groups. The participants responded to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) in three stages including pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in decreasing patients' depression and apathy. Considering the effect of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing HIV infected patients’ depression and apathy, it is suggested to use it widely and carefully to treat psychological problems of them.

Fear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the person is fully aware. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological distress and fear of disease progression of patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism. For this purpose, in a quasi-experiential study with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group, 32 patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism among the patients referred to clinics of subspecialty physicians in Karaj were selected by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 16 each). The groups were evaluated for psychological distress and fear of disease progression before and after the treatment intervention and three months after the end of the research. The result of analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed a significant difference in fear of disease progression and psychological distress between the performance of two experimental and control groups. The results indicate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the fear of disease progression and psychological distress in patients with hypothyroidism; therefore, this intervention can be used as a complementary treatment, along with medication, to improve the lives of patients with hashimoto's disease.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the most common psychological disorder following trauma and there is a close relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder. The purpose of this study was review researches have been conducted on the prevalence of PTSD in people with substance and alcohol use disorders. To this end searching of articles using the keywords such as Relationship or comorbidity of Substance and alcohol use disorder with PTSD were conducted in SID, Google Scholar, Science direct and PubMed databases between 1992 and 2020. The results of this review study showed that in addition to high comorbidity between two disorders, PTSD is one of the risk factors for SUD. Review findings have shown People with PTSD/SUD suffer from more psychological problems than people with substance or alcohol use disorder who don’t have PTSD and people who experience PTSD/SUD at the same time have poorer performance in mental health and experience more symptoms of depression, dysthymia and interpersonal problems. Therefore, due to the high prevalence of PTSD in people with SUD and more complex psychological problems in patients with comorbidity of PTSD/SUD, evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with SUD and training of specialists in this The context is so important.

Sexual desire is one of the main issues affecting people's personal and social life. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on sexual modes, sexual self-concept, and sexual schemas of women with female sexual interest/arousal disorder. To this end, in a semi-experimental study using a pre-test, post-test, and control group design, 30 married women with female sexual interest/arousal disorders were selected from treatment centers under the aegis of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences by convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental (15 women) and control group (15 women). Subjects were evaluated before and after the intervention in terms of Multi-dimensional Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ), Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ), and Questionnaire of cognitive Schemas Activation in Sexual Context (QCSASC). The experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy during 8 sessions. Covariance analysis showed a significant increase in the scores of sexual modes (lack of sexual feelings in the spouse and lack of erotic thoughts dimensions), positive sexual self-concept, sexual schemas (rejection, incompetence, self-worth, loneliness, and helplessness dimensions), and a significant decrease in the score of negative sexual self-concept in the women of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The overall result of the research indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy influences sexual modes, sexual self-concept, and sexual schemas of women suffering from female sexual interest/arousal disorder and is recommended as an effective intervention for these patients.

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar in conditions of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Research shows that the management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle intervention, lowering other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and keeping blood glucose levels within the normal range. The aim of the present study was to design a model to improve the self-management behavior of type 2 diabetic patients based on lifestyle, diabetes knowledge and disease perception with the mediation of psychological capital. For this purpose, in a correlational descriptive research, 216 patients with type 2 diabetes, members of the West Mazandaran Diabetes Association, were selected by convenience sampling and in terms of self-care behaviors, lifestyle, disease perception, diabetes knowledge, and psychological capital. were evaluated. The results of structural equation analysis showed that the variables of lifestyle, diabetes knowledge, disease perception and psychological capital have a direct and meaningful relationship with self-care behavior and the variable of psychological capital has a mediating role in this relationship. The results indicated that the appropriateness of the presented model indicates its suitability for diabetic patients.

Mental health issues are not new phenomena; throughout history, they have been examined from various perspectives. Today, there are hundreds of psychotherapy approaches, each addressing different aspects of psychological problems with its own philosophy and methods. The diversity of psychotherapies demonstrates that psychotherapy is effective for many psychological conditions, and various forms have similar effectiveness. Not only is there no substantial and meaningful difference in outcomes between different therapies, but there is also limited evidence to suggest that any one treatment consistently outperforms the others. This broad range of efficacy indicates that human experience is multidimensional, with the dynamic interaction of biological, cognitive-behavioral, unconscious, and existential factors playing an undeniable role in shaping mental health. It appears that any approach that focuses solely on one dimension will fail to offer a comprehensive understanding and treatment. Our concept of integrative therapy involves the dynamic understanding of the interaction among the four main dimensions of human psychology: the role of the brain and neurotransmitters, genetics, and physiological processes in the psychological experience; the impact of internal conflicts, early experiences, and unconscious motivations; the role of perception, cognition, emotions, external and internal behaviors, and habitual patterns; and, finally, meaning, self-awareness, free will, and individual responsibility. We believe that while single-paradigm approaches cannot tell the whole story, together, they can function within a larger system known as dynamic integrative psychotherapy, addressing many of the ambiguities in psychotherapy.