کامران میرزایی

Leptospirosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease with global spread, and its agent, which is a serovar of Leptospira interrogans bacterium, is transmitted by contact with the urine of infected animals. The dog, as one of the important reservoirs of the mentioned bacteria, causes contamination in humans and domestic animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate seroepidemiological Leptospira interrogans serum varieties using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in stray dogs of Qazvin. For this purpose, a total of 74 serum samples were examined for the detection of antibodies against the mentioned bacteria, of which 15 samples showed a positive reaction with one or two serovars of Leptospira interrogans. The results showed that most infected dogs had serum titers of 1:100 (47.1%) and 1:1600 (17.65%). The highest contamination was with Canicula serovars with 70.6% and Harjo 11.76%, and Gripotyphosa, Pomona and Icterohemorrhagia serovars were in the next positions. Among the positive samples, three samples were related to female dogs and 12 samples belonged to male dogs, and the result of Chi square test showed that there was a significant relationship between gender and serum contamination (p<0.05). Also, 8 samples belonged to the age groups above 3 years and 7 samples belonged to the age groups less than 3 years, and there was no significant relationship between age groups and the positive results (p>0.05). Presence of serum contamination among the population of stray dogs in Qazvin can lead to a high prevalence of clinical infection in pet dogs and domestic and wild animals especially sheep flocks, which may also affect public health due to the zoonotic nature of the disease.

The evaluation of the mental health of patients with oral cancer and their means of receiving social support from the family, community and friends is considered a crucial secondary outcome affecting the treatment process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of perceived social support and demographic factors on the mental health of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in Shiraz during 2022-23.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who were treated in medical centers in Shiraz during 2022-23. A questionnaire gathering demographic information about the patients, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive indicators and the independent t-test, ANOVA (Tukey’s post-hoc test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 25 statistical software.

The mean score of mental health of the patients was 52.91 (±12.40) and the mean scores in the different domains of social support were 19.04 (±4.96) for family, 9.60 (±2.89) for community, and 12.60 (±2.88) for friends, and the total score of social support was 41. 4 (±24.92). A significant relationship was observed between the patients’ mental health domains and perceived social support and their demographic characteristics.

The results of the study suggest that oral cancer can affect the mental health of patients in various ways, some of which manifest themselves in the form of somatization, anxiety, depression, as well as impaired social functioning. The provision of appropriate support from the patients' families, friends and the community can play a major role in improving the mental health of these patients.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it was a semi-experimental cross-sectional study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design. The statistical population included all cancer patients in Bushehr city from November 2019 to April 2014. From this population, 40 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to four groups of 10 people (three experimental groups and one control group). World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires (1996) and Beck depression questionnaires (1998) were administered to all participants as a pre-test. Then the people of the first experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy, the second experimental group received therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the third experimental group also received cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in ten 90-minute sessions. But people in the control group did not receive intervention. Due to the corona situation, therapeutic interventions were held in the form of video calls. Finally, the aforementioned questionnaires were administered to all participants as a post-test. In order to follow up the effectiveness, after one month, all the participants answered the questionnaires again. The findings were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Based on the results, the mean post-test scores of the patients of all three test groups in the variables of depression and quality of life had a significant decrease and increase, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). These differences were also significant in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). However, the difference in the effectiveness of the three mentioned treatments on reducing depression and increasing quality of life was not significant (P>0.05).

Compliance with airway care standards is necessary to maintain the health of patients admitted to special departments of hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between compliance with airway care standards and complications from endotracheal intubation.

This descriptive-analytical research was cross-sectional. The research population of this study consisted of 122 nursing personnel working in four hospitals and in the internal ICU and surgical ICU departments of Persian Gulf Bushehr Hospitals, cardiac surgical ICU of Bushehr Heart Hospital, Salman Farsi Bushehr and internal and surgical ICU of Waliasr (AS) Hospital in Kazeroon, who were selected as a whole. In addition, 152 patients hospitalized in these departments were also included in the study for care evaluation. The data collection tool, including personnel demographic information and tracheal tube care checklist (including 69 questions and three items) was taken from the set of nursing care guidelines of the nursing system organization, and its validity and reliability were measured in this study.

The average age of the participants was 33.06 ± 55.3 years. Most of the nurses were women (62 people) and were working in the internal ICU department (63 people). Most of the participants had a bachelor's degree (113 people), and their work experience was 2-5 years (59 people). None of the variables of gender, education, work history, retraining history, and job status of nurses had a significant relationship with the degree of compliance with nursing care standards (P < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the service location variable and the level of compliance with nursing care standards (P = 0.006(. Among the patients under care, 25.4% of ventilator-associated pneumonia complications, 22.4% of pressure ulcer complications, and 18.4% of extubation complications were reported. Also, there is a significant difference between the level of adherence to airway care standards and the complications caused by endotracheal intubation in patients (P -value<0.05).

The results of this study indicate that the level of adherence to airway care standards by nurses is related to factors such as the service department. Also, the level of adherence to airway care standards is related to complications caused by endotracheal intubation in patients.

In the present article, an attempt has been made to provide a fully operational and useful guide regarding the implementation of two-stage cluster sampling plan in field research, which is one of the most widely used sampling plans according to the current conditions and facilities in the country. . In addition, for further use by researchers in this field, this article provides codes for implementing two-stage cluster sampling with unequal size based on probability proportional to size along with an example on two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) with hypothetical data using R software is included.

There are different methods to determine the acceptance standard. To establish educational justice, the standard of each test should be determined for the same test so that judgments could be made with the least error and cost. This study endeavors to determine and compare the acceptance standard of nursing students participating in the Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) using four fixed score methods, Angoff, yes/no Angoff and three-level Angoff.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in the 2021 academic year, the scores of OSCE of nursing students were calculated and compared by a panel of 13 individuals in seven stations using four methods of fixed score, Angoff, yes/no Angoff and three-level Angoff. The population was nursing faculty and 8th semester nursing students, and due to the small number of participants, the number of samples in both groups was equal to the total samples (13 lecturers and 65 students).

The statistical analysis revealed that the average score obtained in all the stations is 15.79±0.98 out of 20, and the highest and lowest average scores of students are respectively related to personal protection stations(19/27±0.61) and gavage(13.76±2.02).On the other hand, the standard of the whole test and the frequency of the passing rate based on the fixed score methods, Angoff, yes/no Angoff and three-level Angoff are respectively 12(with a pass rate of 95.92%),10.80(with a pass rate of 96.04%),12.48(with a pass rate of 69.67%) and 10.50(with a pass rate of 98.90%) were obtained.

The highest and lowest acceptance percentages were related to the three-level Angoff, and yes/no Angoff. The standard obtained from Angoff was three levels easier. Therefore, it could be concluded that different methods provide different standards. Accordingly, it is recommended to use the average score obtained from three methods (Angoff, Angoff yes/no, three-level Angoff) to reach a single standard.

Pain causes mental-psychological injuries in babies by affecting neuronal development. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of music therapy and Swaddling on physiological indicators and pain intensity caused by blood sampling in preterm neonates.

Method and Materials:

 This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 51 preterm neonates admitted to NICU of Persian Gulf Hospital in Bushehr. The newborns were divided into music, swaddling and control groups by random block allocation method. For neonates in music therapy group, music was played from 5 minutes before to two minutes after blood sampling, while neonates in swaddling group were swaddled with a thin sheet from 10 minutes before blood sampling to two minutes after. In all groups, HR and o2sat were measured 30 seconds before, during, 30, 60, 90, 120 seconds after blood sampling. Also, from 30 second before blood sampling to 2 minutes after, neonates' faces were filmed and pain assessment checklist was completed each 30 seconds. Data analyzed using Kruskall Wallis H and ordinal regression tests.

There was a significant difference between pain score in intervention groups, so that pain score in Swaddling group was lower than music group at 90 and 120 seconds. In intervention groups, HR changes were lower than control group. No significant difference was observed between three groups regarding o2 saturation.

Results showed that swaddling and music therapy can reduce pain caused by blood sampling and keep vital signs more stable, but swaddling has a greater effect on reducing pain in newborns.

 Marriage is one of the most important interpersonal relationships that many people experience and it is a social institution based on which a man and a woman decide to live together as a couple through a legal, religious and moral obligation. They get married based on specific goals and wish to experience a stable and satisfying life. But when couples live a stable and satisfying life, they also experience conflicts in their life together. Marital conflicts are one of the common problems of couples and is due to the inconsistency of the couple in the type of their desires and expectations. Communication beliefs are also one of the factors that affect couples' relationship and according to Beck (1970) when our irrational beliefs decrease and logical beliefs replace them, marital satisfaction and compatibility will also increase. As long as couples are not aware that these thoughts are irrational and are somehow accustomed to these beliefs, they downplay and ignore their role in creating marital problems.Also, one of the effective factors in women's mental health in the process of marital life is their satisfactory sexual desires and reactions, which include physiological, psychosocial, developmental and sexual response dimensions. Understanding this cognition is problematic due to the specific research limitations, but the durability and stability of an important part of the marital relationship according to the values and norms approved by society, depends on sexual intercourse (frequency and type) between men and women and the couple talk about sex , Sexual desires and preferences and the discovery of other sexual preferences, have a great impact on establishing a marital relationship. Self-expression, which means "the ability to express feelings, thoughts and beliefs, and to defend one's rights in logical ways," has three dimensions of the power to express emotions; The power to articulate good and bad beliefs and thoughts and to make strong and clear decisions is the power to stand up for one's rights and not allow others to harm or abuse one's personal weakness. Obviously, not expressing feelings and emotions, in many cases, causes long-term sexual problems.Therefore, one of the interventions that can be used and researched in the case of people with marital conflicts is the emotional security model. The results of a study showed that emotional security training has a significant effect on women's marital conflict and its dimensions. Other findings of this study showed that emotional security training affects both dimensions of will and mental well-being neuropathy. In addition, in the case of emotion-oriented couple therapy, which is a method that is close to and somewhat overlaps with the method of emotional security, the results of Davarnia et al.'s(2014)research showed that emotion-based couple therapy training has reduced women's marital burnout. In fact, emotional security training focuses on increasing effective feelings about attachment, moderating self-esteem, and relieving oneself of unpleasant emotions such as shame. Weber is effective in increasing the emotion of happiness and reducing marital conflict.Therefore, considering the effect of emotional security training on couples' emotions and attachment, the important role of women in the family and their impact on other family members and the importance that marital beliefs, expression and sexuality can play in women's marital conflicts. Researchers and psychotherapists in Iran have not paid much attention to these preventive methods, including teaching emotional security to couples, and these methods need more scientific study. As a result, the question of the present study is whether emotional security training has a significant effect on marital beliefs, expression and sexual activity in women with marital conflicts?

In this quasi-experimental study, 50 women with marital conflicts were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for the experimental group for 4 weeks and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Participants were measured by the Barati and Sanai (1996) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, the Idelson-Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs, the Halbert Sexual Index (1992), and the Rosen et al. (2000) Sexual Performance Index.

The results of analysis of covariance, repeated measures test, and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the scores of beliefs about Marital Relationship among the experimental group decreased significantly, but in the control group there was no significant decrease and the scores of Sexual Expressiveness and function among The experimental group had a significant increase, but in the control group there was no significant increase, so there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The follow-up results also showed that the effect of educational intervention was still stable.

The results of this study showed that emotional safety training has a significant effect on beliefs about marital relationship,sexual expressiveness ,sexual function in the experimental group who received the educational intervention, compared with the control group who did not receive educational intervention Significant changes were experienced in the dependent variables and also the follow-up results showed that the effect of educational intervention in the experimental group was still stable. Therefore, the hypotheses were confirmed. As a result, based on the evidence of the present study, this educational program can be used to improve the beliefs about marital relationships and sexual expressiveness and function in women with marital conflicts. The Emotional safety training Training Program helps couples become aware of each other's perceptions by providing awareness of their beliefs and perceptions in the relationship. It then uses behavioral techniques (active listening and empathy) to create a healthier perception and clearer relationships.Teaching Behavioral Techniques Increases Positive Interactions such as Identifying and Expressing Emotions, Expressing Needs and Desires Instead of Expecting Mindfulness, Apologizing, and Forgiving When Angering, and Managing Conflict Instead of Withdrawing Couples' relationships become clearer, resulting in negative beliefs. Marital relationships are improved and marital conflicts are reduced.People also learn to increase their verbal and non-verbal interactions, to show sexual self-expression, including touching, hugging and kissing in relation to their spouse, and to express their thoughts and desires and be more physically close.Therefore, although these trainings do not deal directly with sexuality, but by promoting self-esteem, reducing negative emotions such as shame and increasing positive emotions and expressing them, the ground for increasing women's sexual activity is provided. The main limitation of this study is the taboo nature of sexual issues in society, and for this reason, some participants were cautious in their answers. Therefore, it is suggested that other researchers use this type of research with other effective intervention strategies on beliefs about Marital Relationship, Sexual Expressiveness and function in women with marital conflicts.

Cancer is a potential fatal disease that is mainly caused by environmental factors and cellular mutations. The purpose of the present study is to treat behavioral activation and acceptance and commitment -based treatment (ACT) to reduce the severity of the symptoms of depression and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer.

The present study is applied in terms of the purpose and in terms of the method of a semi-experimental section with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population includes all people with cancer referred to the oncology departments of hospitals and clinics in Bushehr during the research. Of these, 30 are selected by available sampling methods and are randomly replaced in three groups (two experimental groups and one certificate). Each group consists of 10 people. After obtaining participants' satisfaction and adhering to ethics, Quality Questionnaires (Jenicson et al., 1) and depression (Beck, Stire and Garbin, 1) were executed as a pre -test on all participants. The first experimental group was trained in the behavioral activation protocol based on the Golan et al. (2003), the second group was under admission and commitment training based on the Hayez et al. All sessions of the experimental group were held through Skype due to the Cronist's conditions.

The mean difference of depression scores and quality of life was significant between both experimental groups with a testimony group (P <0.05); In other words, the effectiveness of both treatment in reducing depression was significant. However, the mean difference between depression and quality of life is not significant between either of the two methods (0.05). In general, the mean difference of depression and quality of life among behavioral activists and admission and commitment therapy were significant in both postgraduate and follow -up stages (0.05).

It can be concluded that group therapy of behavioral activation and therapy based on acceptance and commitment is effective on depression and quality of life with cancer and can be used to reduce the psychological problems of patients with cancer patients. .

Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius are the most important aflatoxin-producing species of B1, B2, G1 and G2 in food and feed. M1 and M2 Aflatoxins are the hydroxylated metabolites of B1 and B2 aflatoxins. The aim of this study was to evaluated the amount of aflatoxin B1 in animal feed and its relationship with aflatoxin M1 in raw milk. For this purpose, 20 industrial and 20 semi-industrial farms were selected and a sample of TMR ration and raw milk of each farm was sampled separately. Aflatoxin B1 in feed and Aflatoxin M1 in milk were evaluated by competitive ELISA, and the samples with values above maximum residue limit (MRL) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ELISA results showed that 35% of industrial farm feed and 75% of semi-industrial farm feed were contaminated with aflatoxin B1, of which 5% and 15% of industrial and semi-industrial farm had values above MRL, respectively. Also, in evaluating the amount of aflatoxin M1 in produced milk, it was found that aflatoxin M1 was observed only in the milk of farms that were positive for aflatoxin B1 and this rate was 20% and 55% in industrial and semi-industrial farms, respectively. The samples of milk with values above MRL were measured by HPLC confirmation test, which indicates that none of the samples of industrial and semi-industrial dairy production milk had higher values (0.5 ng/ml). Due to the importance of per capita milk consumption in the community diet and the dangers of aflatoxin M1 in it, extensive and accurate monitoring of milk production and supply centers as well as dairy factories is essential.

The family is one of the most important social institutions based on marriage. The issue of marriage is one of the most fundamental issues of human society and the first sprouts of communication between generations appear in the family. Emotional relationships, love, affection, and empathy in the family ensure the mental health of individuals and the upliftment of human beings. But one of the biggest social problems in today's human society is family conflicts; therefore, addressing the issue of marital conflict to achieve prevention strategies is one of the most important necessities of family education. Marital conflict can be defined as the dissatisfaction of at least one couple with the relationship, which increases rapidly. The existence of marital conflicts between couples is inevitable and conflicts in couples' relationships are one of the consequences of harm in the family and a common phenomenon. Although the family gives its members a sense of security and peace, marital conflicts weaken relationships, increase marital problems, and do not meet the natural needs of couples. On the other hand, couples' expectations towards marriage and married life play an important role in marital conflicts, and the problems that arise through marital conflict cause irreparable damage to the family body. As a result, the need to strengthen family life and its stability and durability is the type of attitude and interaction of couples with each other, and communication beliefs are among the factors that affect the relationship between couples. Awareness and knowledge of couples of their role in creating a healthy and fruitful relationship are of particular importance; But sometimes, after a while, a couple or both of them may have doubts about the depth and shape of their relationship; Because they do not see the necessary harmony in the psychological distances between the beliefs of marital relations (their expectations from life) and the realities of their marital life, and they feel frustration and marital exhaustion. However, one of the most damaging factors that threaten marital life and its stability is that irrational and romantic beliefs enter the couple's life after marriage. Research has shown that high levels of irrational communication beliefs are associated with low levels of marital satisfaction. One of the biggest social problems in today's society is family conflicts; therefore, addressing the issue of marital conflict to achieve prevention strategies is one of the most important necessities of family education. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sex enrichment training on marital relationship beliefs, expression, and sexual activity in women with marital conflicts.

In this quasi-experimental study, 50 women with marital conflicts were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for the experimental group for 4 weeks and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Participants were measured by the Barati and Sanai (1996) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, the Idelson-Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs, the Halbert Sexual Index (1992), and the Rosen et al. (2000) Sexual Performance Index.

The results of analysis of covariance, repeated measures test, and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the scores of marital relationship beliefs among the experimental group decreased significantly, but in the control group there was no significant decrease and the scores of expression and sexual activity among The experimental group had a significant increase, but in the control group there was no significant increase, so there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The follow-up results also showed that the effect of educational intervention was still stable.

The results of this study showed that sex enrichment training has a significant effect on marital beliefs, expression, and sexual activity in the experimental group who received the educational intervention, compared with the control group who did not receive educational intervention Significant changes were experienced in the dependent variables and also the follow-up results showed that the effect of educational intervention in the experimental group was still stable. Therefore, the hypotheses were confirmed. As a result, based on the evidence of the present study, this educational program can be used to improve the beliefs about marital relationships and the sexual expression and sexuality of women with marital conflicts. The Sex Enrichment Training Program helps couples reduce their communication problems by teaching them expressive speaking and listening skills. According to experts, in the approach of enriching sex, change and improvement are the results of the clients' own work, and the clients can overcome problems by acquiring special skills. As a result, in this training program, people are taught skills that can help people to achieve a healthy and happy life. Marital life combined with sexual intimacy requires skills that people in the family may not learn. In this training, conflict resolution skills and conversation skills are taught, and this training causes good couples to learn to listen and establish a good relationship with each other. This good listening skill reduces the couple's misunderstanding. In fact, enriching marital education leads to the growth of the marital relationship in a positive direction. People are also taught the skills to focus on their emotions and the feelings of their husbands, which results in the promotion of sexual intimacy and the ability to express sexual needs and desires by women and ultimately increase their sexual expression. The main limitation of this study is the taboo nature of sexual issues in society, and for this reason, some participants were cautious in their answers. Therefore, it is suggested that other researchers use this type of research with other effective intervention strategies on marital relationship beliefs, expression, and sexual activity in women with marital conflicts.

Virtual education is currently considered an unavoidable necessity. This study endeavored to determine the status of evaluation of virtual courses offered in the field of librarianship and medical information of medical universities in the academic year 2021.

This applied study was conducted with a survey method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The population was 221 undergraduates of library and medical information at Abadan, Isfahan, Bushehr, and Hamedan universities of medical sciences. Due to the limited number, the counting method was used. By the end of the second semester of the academic year 2021, the study population had participated in two semesters of virtual classes. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire based on the Kirk Patrick model, which includes three levels of reaction, learning, and behavior from the Kirk Patrick model. The validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed.

The results indicated that the mean score of reaction domains was 40.38 ±12.08, learning was 16.60 ± 5.70, behavior change was 20.9 ± 6.40 and evaluation of lessons was estimated 57.80 ± 17.30. The effectiveness of virtual education courses held among undergraduates in librarianship and medical information was reported to weak.

Due to the low level of students 'satisfaction with the virtual courses, reducing the level of learning and inappropriate behavioral change, librarianship, and medical information groups are recommended to pave the way for the use of virtual education and gain satisfaction, learning and changing learners' behavior. Upgrade their e-learning programs based on the Kirk Patrick model.

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Psychological disorders are common among patients with IBS, posing a significant burden on healthcare systems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with compassion-focused therapy on psychological flexibility in male patients with IBS.

This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and 3 months follow-up. The statistical population included all men with irritable IBS referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Using available sampling method, 45 people were selected and randomly assigned to three equal groups. Therapeutic interventions for each treatment group were applied in 8 sessions once a week, and each session lasted 60 minutes for the experimental groups; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. A researcher-made demographic information checklist and Cognitive Flexibility Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance.

There was a significant difference in the linear composition of the psychological flexibility, and its dimensions included the tendency to perceive difficult situations as controllable, the ability to perceive multiple alternative explanations for life events and human behaviors, and the ability to generate multiple alternative solutions to difficult situations in terms of group membership, pre-test, post-test, follow-up, as well as the interactive effect of the group and time (p<0.05). Besides, the two treatment groups (acceptance and commitment therapy & compassion-focused therapy) showed significant differences compared to the control group in terms of the components of psychological flexibility and its dimensions (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments (p>0.05).

Both treatments increased the psychological flexibility of patients with IBS; thus, they can be considered useful treatment strategies to improve the mental status of chronic patients.

Delayed awakening is one of the biggest challenges after general anesthesia and surgery. Hypothermia is common after coronary artery bypass surgery, and even mild hypothermia can cause severe complications after surgery. It is important to know the effective methods in accelerating awakening and correcting hypothermia.

In this randomized clinical trial, Warm Touch forced air warming system was compared with routine method (a blanket) in increasing tympanic temperature and FOUR score in patients after elective coronary artery bypass surgery. A total of102 patients were equally divided into intervention and control groups. Tympanic temperature and FOUR Score were checked and recorded every 15 minutes for 225 minutes.

Tympanic temperature and FOUR Score were significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001).

Forced air warming system was more effective in increasing tympanic temperature and FOUR Score compared to the routine method. Awakening time was shorter and tympanic temperature increased ‎faster.‎

Avian influenza (AI) is one of the most important respiratory diseases in the poultry industry that causes huge economic impacts and plays an important role in public health. H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2 AIV) has a broad circulation and causes endemic infections in the poultry industry of the country.

A cohort study was conducted from July 2016 to November 2017 in broiler chicken farms of Qazvin Province, Iran to detect H9N2 AIV infection determinants in broiler chicken farms.

Sixteen out of 34 units that were included in the study had positive PCR results. Some variables such as “type of fence around the unit”, “biosecurity”, “cooling system status”, “mean maternal antibody titers”, “location height”, “proximity to public traffic lanes” and “number of units within a radius of 1 km” had significant effects on the infection occurrence in poultry units according to univariate statistical analyses (P<0.05). However, only two of them (“biosecurity” and “cooling system status”) were statistically significant in multi-variable analyses (P<0.05).

Biosecurity measures should be implemented more seriously and strictly in broiler farms to reduce the impact of H9N2 AIV infection.

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the diseases that affects all aspects of human existence and in addition to physical disabilities, has social and psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment approach on irrational beliefs and body image in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 1397-98. By available and purpose-based sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two equal groups of 30 people. Data were collected using the Irrational Belief Questionnaire (Jones, 1968) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relationship Questionnaire (Cache, 1997). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), tests related to statistical presuppositions and repeated measures variance with SPSS statistical software version 26.

Gastrointestinal diseases impose a great economic burden and psychological pressure on society and the health care system. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on pain perception and perfectionism in men with irritable bowel syndrome.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 1397-98. By available and purpose-based sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two equal groups of 30 people. Data were collected using the revised McGill Pain Form and the Jones Irrational Belief Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), tests related to statistical presuppositions and repeated measures variance with SPSS statistical software version 26.

The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean total score of perfectionism and pain perception in the two groups (P <0.05). This difference was also persistent in the quarterly follow-up phase (P <0.05).

The findings of this study can provide a promising outlook for the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on the psychological structures of patients with chronic medical disease, especially irritable bowel syndrome.

Attending a dentist and placing on the unit can cause anxiety.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the aroma inhalation of orange and lavender essential oils in comparison with placebo on the level of anxiety in clients in a dental clinic in Shiraz.

This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 120 patients referred to a Dental Clinic. The patients were divided into three groups of anxiety treatments with scent of lavender, orange and sesame (as control). The Spielberger questionnaire was used to measure the anxiety of the patients before and after the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. The level of significance was considered as 5%.

Overall, there is no difference in the state scores of anxiety before and after the interventions. In the sesame group (t-test (-0.068) and the significant level (0.501), in the orange group (t (0.465) and significant level (0.645), in the lavender group (t (0.321) and significant level (0.750). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the levels of state and trait anxiety after the interventions in all three groups.

Although, based on the present study, the use of orange and lavender extracts had partially reduced the levels of state and trait of anxiety in dental clients, more clinical studies are recommended.

Headache is yet considered an undesirable complication of spinal anesthesia as a selective method in cesarean section. The present study was conducted to compare the prophylactic effect of pregabalin with that of aminophylline plus dexamethasone on postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

The present double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial assigned 375 pregnant women as volunteers for elective cesarean section to three groups of 125 receiving pregabalin, aminophylline plus dexamethasone and placebo. Observational evaluation of the incidence and severity of headache was performed in these patients within the first 24 postoperative hours, i.e. 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery.

No statistically-significant differences were observed between the three groups receiving pregabalin, aminophylline plus dexamethasone and placebo in terms of the incidence and severity of headache 6, 12 and 24 hours after cesarean section performed under spinal anesthesia.

The prophylactic administration of pregabalin or aminophylline plus dexamethasone does not affect postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.