زهره شیخان

Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer in women and human papillomavirus is the most common risk factor of it. The present study was performed aimed to determine the relationship between Vitamin D and human papillomavirus in women referring to the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This comparative study was conducted on 140 women referring to the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Tehran in 2020. The case group were women with HPV infection and the control group in the same centers were the women with no HPV infection based on liquid based pap smear. Data was collected by interview and completing the questionnaire of Pap smear and measuring serum level of vitamin D. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26) and Mann-Whitney test, independent t, chi-square, Fisher's exact and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Logistic regression results and control of confounding variables of education and hookah consumption showed that 64 women (91.43%) in control group and 70 women (100%) in case group had vitamin D level less than 20 ng/ml and 6 women (8.57%) in control group had vitamin D level of 21-29 ng/ml. There was significant relationship between vitamin D and HPV infection (OR: 0.3, CI: 95%, P<0.001, 0.69-4.03). The risk of HPV infection increased as 0.3 by each 1 ng/ml reduction of vitamin D level.

In the present study, serum level of vitamin D was lower in women with HPV, but due to the limitations of the present study, more extensive research is needed in this regard.  Sufficient vitamin D level can help maintain and promote women's health.

One of the goals of the third millennium development is maternal and neonatal health. One of the harmful factors of health is natural disasters. This study was performed aimed to determine maternal complications in Kermanshah earthquake in 2017.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 women who had delivery in Imam Khomeini hospital of Eslam Abad Gharb. The earthquake group included the women who had delivered in the earthquake of 2017 and the non-earthquake group included the women who were delivered in the same hospital in 2016. All data obtained from patients' records. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square and Fisher exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In women who had delivered in an earthquake, prevalence of maternal complications included preterm labour in 99 (22.3%), premature rupture of membrane in 30 (7.05%), caesarean section in 179 (42.1%), postpartum hemorrhage in 42 (9.9%), gestational hypertension in 24 (5.6%) and abortion in 11 (2.58%). In women who had delivered in 2016, there were preterm labor in 51 (11%), premature rupture of membrane in 12 (2.8 %), caesarean section in 153 (36%), postpartum hemorrhage in 20 (5%), gestational hypertension in 9 (2.1%) and abortion in 2 (0.5%). There were significant differences between the two groups in all cases (P<0.05).

Natural disasters such as earthquakes can increase maternal complications. Therefore, necessary precautions and health care should be increased in the event of a natural disaster.

The most common cancer known worldwide that causes widespread mortality of women is breast cancer. One of the less known risk factors in women is hyperinsulinemia. Since identifying the risk factors help primary prevention and early detection of breast cancer, this study was performed aimed to determine the relationship between gestational diabetes and breast cancer in women referred to the hospitals of Tehran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This comparative study was conducted on 450 women (n=150 in case group, n=300 in control group) referring to the hospitals of Tehran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Case group consisted of women with breast cancer based on pathologic record and physician diagnosis that at least one year has passed from their disease and control group were women without breast cancer who referred to other clinics in the same centers. Women were collected through interview and completing the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Independent t-test, Chi-square, chance ratio and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In case group, 30 (20%) and control group 17 (5.7%) had history of gestational diabetes. There was significant relationship between breast cancer and gestational diabetes (OR=3.64, CI= 95%, P<0.001,1.78-7.43), body mass index(OR=1.11,CI= 95%, P<0.001, 1.04-1.18) and age (OR=1.13, CI= 95%, P<0.001, 1.09-1.16). In women with a history of gestational diabetes, the risk of breast cancer was 3.64 times higher than the other of women (P<0.05).

Gestational diabetes can be regarded as a risk factor for breast cancer. It is suggested that gestational diabetes be used as an early indicator in the detection of breast cancer.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing in Iran. The risk of endometrial cancer is related to estrogen levels that breastfeeding reduces it. This study was performed with aim to compare breastfeeding duration in women with endometrial cancer and women without endometrial cancer.

This retrospective case-control study was performed on 240 women referring to the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran in 2017. The case group included women with endometrial cancer and the control group was women without endometrial cancer. Data was collected by interview and completion of demographic and fertility characteristics, medical records and endometrial cancer information. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) and Chi-Square, independent T-Test, Mann-Whitney and ROC curve. P< was considered statistically significant.

24 women (20%) in case group and 41 women (34%) in control group reported the history of breastfeeding. The mean duration of breastfeeding in the case group was 58.58±22.19 months and in the control group were 72.61±15.38 months. The duration of breastfeeding in the case group was significantly shorter than the control group (p = 0.004).

Women with endometrial cancer had shorter duration of breastfeeding, so breastfeeding training must be noticed as postpartum care.