مجله پژوهش در دین و سلامت
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1403)

Organizations are considered living entities that have an identity independent of their members; This personality and identity can be healthy or sick. An organization that is healthy can work effectively and provide employee satisfaction. On this basis, the current research was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of elementary school teachers with the mediating role of Islamic work ethics and spiritual health.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The research population included all primary school teachers of Ardabil, Iran, in the academic year 2023-2024. The studied sample was selected using Cochran's formula and random cluster sampling method (no = 350 teachers. To collect data, the questionnaires of standard Islamic ethics by Golpour and Nadi (2010), spiritual intelligence by King (2008), spiritual health by Palutizin and Allison (1982) and organizational health by Hoy et al. (1996) were used. Also, structural equation modeling and SPSS and SMART PLS3 software were used to analyze the findings. In the present study, all ethical consideration were observed and the authors of the article reported no conflict of interest.

The results related to the correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between the variables of Islamic work ethics, organizational health, spiritual health and spiritual intelligence. In addition, Islamic ethics of work had a significantly positive and direct effect on organizational health (P>0.1 and β=0.78), organizational health and spiritual health (P>0.1 and β=0.21), spiritual intelligence and Islamic ethics (P>0.1 and 0.96). =β) and spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant direct effect on spiritual health (P>0.1 and β=0.77). In addition, spiritual intelligence through Islamic work ethics had a positive and significant indirect effect on organizational health (P<0.1 and β=0.76). Also, spiritual intelligence through spiritual health had a positive and significant indirect effect on organizational health (P < 0.1 and β = 0.16).

Based on the findings, the higher the spiritual intelligence of teachers and the more they behave according to Islamic ethics, the higher the organizational health and spiritual health of teachers. Therefore, the spiritual intelligence of teachers can influence organizational health with the mediating role of Islamic work ethics and spiritual health. 

Hope is essential for human health, so life expectancy is definitely a basic need for students. On this basis, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of resilience in relation to spiritual experiences in predicting hope in students.

The current research was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all male and female undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Qazvin province in the academic year 2021-2022 (no = 900). Based on Morgan and Gujersi's table, 269 students were selected by available sampling method. The data collection instruments included the spiritual experiences questionnaire by Underwood and Tersey (2002), and Connor and Davidson's resilience (2003), and Snyder et al.'s (1991) life expectancy questionnaires. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test was used on SPSS version 24 and AMOS software was used to check the research model.

The feeling of the presence of God both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.205) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.126) had an effect on life expectancy. Positive Communication with God both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.135) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.082) had a positive effect on life expectancy. The feeling of responsibility towards others both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.172) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.110) had a positive effect on life expectancy.

The results of this study show the importance of paying attention to spiritual experiences and resilience as variables affecting hope in students. Therefore, such issues as supporting, facilitating and attention to people's spiritual desires and needs should be taken into consideration in the care programs.

Conduct disorder (CD) is a repetitive and persistent behavioral pattern in which the primary rights of others and social norms are violated due to inefficient communication patterns and lack of appropriate moral development for age. By tailoring treatment strategies to the specific cultural, social, and economic context of a community, healthcare providers can better address the unique needs and challenges faced by individuals in that community. Considering the Islamic cultural context of Iranian society, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of spirituality-therapy based on Iranian-Islamic culture (STIIC) on communication patterns and moral development of adolescents with conduct disorders.

This is an Educational trial study with a pretest post-test control group design and a 60-day follow-up period. Adolescence with CD referring to Rafsanjan’s Ravan-pooyesh counselling center in 2022 as the statistical population, out of whom 32 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly placed in two experimental and control with 16 participants in each group. To collect data, Koerner & Mary Anne (2002) communication patterns questionnaire and Rest (1987) ethical reasoning scale were used. The intervention group received 14 individual sessions of STIIC, including Quranic verses and Hadiths. The control group did not receive any psychological intervention during the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests. Ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

The results of data analyziz showed that STIIC had a significant effect on improving communication patterns (p<0.001). The amount of this effect according to the relative eta square (effect size) was such that 43.6% of the changes in communication patterns in the post-test stage were caused by the difference between the intervention and control groups. STIIC did not have a significant effect on increasing moral development (p=0.750).

STIIC improves the communication skills of adolescence, therefore, based on the religious context of Iranian society, this treatment protocol can be used along with other treatments for people with CD.

Chronic back pain is usually associated with psychological, social, emotional and spiritual distress. On the other hand, the use of psychological treatments became part of the new lines of treatment, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on psychological and spiritual distress in women with chronic back pain.

The statistical population of the present study included all women suffering from chronic back pain who referred to the specialized pain clinics of Razavi and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad in 2023. They were placed in two groups (10 in the experimental and 10 in the control group). The experimental group underwent intervention in ten face-to-face sessions of 90 minutes for ten weeks, and the control group received the usual intervention. The data collection instruments included psychological distress questionnaire by Kessler et al. (2002) and spiritual distress questionnaire by Ku et al. (2010). Data analysis was conducted on the SPSS software version 24 using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in the psychological distress and spiritual distress between the two experimental and control groups; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy effectively reduced the psychological distress and spiritual distress of women with chronic back pain (P<0.05).

Based on the results, it can be stated that the health professionals should consider the results of this study in designing psychological interventions, training packages, and holding workshops, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a complementary treatment method alongside medical treatments in order to improve psychological and spiritual distress in the women with chronic back pain.

There is a close relationship between sleep behavior and service quality in nurses. Since nurses are one of the most important active groups in order to ensure the health of patients, they should have a good sleeping status. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of spiritual belief and emotion regulation in predicting insomnia problems in nursing personnel.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included all the nurses working in the corona departments of the hospitals of Shiraz city in 2022, out of whom 150 were selected by available sampling method. Data collection was done using Insomnia Severity Index (Morin, 1993), Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). For data analysis, Pearson's correlation test and step-by-step regression were performed with SPSS statistical software version 26. Significance level was considered to be 0.05.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between emotion regulation and insomnia (r=-0.62 & p<0.05), and there is a negative and significant relationship between spiritual belief and insomnia (r=-0.56 & p<0.05). The regression results also indicated that predictive variables could simultaneously predict 31% of the variance in insomnia problems (R2=0.31 & P<0.007).

Based on the results of this research, increasing emotional management and spiritual belief are important factors in improving the sleep status of the nursing personnel.

Academic narcissistic behaviors are among the inappropriate academic behaviors that are common among students and are influenced by several factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of moral intelligence and self-conscious emotions in predicting academic self-defeating behaviors.

The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all male and female students of the first and second secondary schools of district one of Karaj in the academic year 2023-2024, out of whom 120 were selected using available sampling method. Data collection tools included the questionnaires of moral intelligence by Lenik and Keel (2005), self-conscious emotions by Tangney and Dearing (2002), and self-destructive academic behaviors by Azdarbin et al. (2022). Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis on SPSS version 22.

The results of the correlation coefficient showed that the relationship between moral intelligence (r = -0.705) and negative academic self-destructive behaviors and the relationship between self-conscious emotions (r = 0.738) and academic self-destructive behaviors were positive (P < 0.01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the components of moral intelligence explained 48.9% and the components of self-conscious emotions explained 52.5% of the variance in academic self-defeating behaviors.

Based on the results, applying moral intelligence and self-conscious emotions in the educational environment provides the ground for reducing self-defeating academic behaviors; therefore, in any educational and research planning to prevent and reduce academic self-destructive behaviors of students, special attention should be paid to moral intelligence and self-conscious emotions.

Psychological health is related to increasing well-being, preventing mental problems, and rehabilitating individuals with mental disorders. Therefore, investigating factors affecting psychological health and preventing psychological distress are important. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting distress and psychological health based on religious health-oriented behaviors with the mediation of forgiveness.

The method used in the present study was cross-sectional (descriptive-correlational). The statistical population included all adults in Tehran in the first six months of 1401. The final sample consisted of 296 individuals (246 women and 50 men), who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used for data collecton included demographic information questionnaire, religious health promoting behavior questionnaire (Bashart et al, 2014), psychological health questionnaire (Bashart, 2018), anxiety, depression, stress questionnaire (Loviband et al, 1995) and Heartland’s forgiveness questionnaire (Thompson et al, 2005). Descriptive data was anlayzed on SPSS version 21 software and structural equation modeling was conducted on AMOS software version 21.

The results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit for the proposed structural model based on the research hypotheses. Religious health behaviors have a direct and significant effect on psychological health and forgiveness and an inverse and significant effect on psychological distress. Also, the effect of forgiveness on psychological health was positive and significant. Finally, the mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship between religious health-oriented behaviors and psychological health was confirmed.

This study demonstrated that health and psychological distress can be predicted by religious health-oriented behaviors through the mediation of forgiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the important role of religious health-oriented behaviors and forgiveness in the implementation of interventions and methods to reduce psychological distress and promote psychological health.

Mental health is a state of well-being in which each person understands their potential abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, have productive and fruitful work and be useful for his society, and since students are one of the most important strata of society and as future managers, they play an important role in the future administration of the country and the growth and development of the society, their mental health has special importance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and practical commitment to prayer and its effect on the mental health of Iranian students.

Identification and retrieval of studies was done through searching SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Noormags, Civilica, Ensani Portal databases and Google Scholar without publication time limit (from the beginning to the end of November, 2023). After reviewing the articles, twelve studies with a total sample of 4135 students, which met the inclusion criteria, were systematically reviewed.

The results of the included studies showed a statistically significant relationship between commitment to prayer and reducing depression, increasing mental health, and life satisfaction of students (p<0.05). The effect of gender (women more than men) on the tendency to prayer was also observed in the results of the studies.

Considering the direct effect of prayer on the mental health of students, it is suggested that comprehensive and effective measures be taken in cultural planning and university policies to promote culture associated with performing prayer in universities to improve the mental health of students.

The necessity of interaction between various knowledge and interdisciplinary studies is undeniable in today's world. Furthermore, there is a clear need for such studies in the field of human sciences and especially the knowledge that is somehow related to the daily life of the members of the society. Jurisprudence is among these sciences that are related to the lives of citizens, where most of the country's laws have been written under the influence of the teachings of this science.

The present article, in a problem-oriented study and by adopting an analytical method, is dedicated to the study of jurisprudential heritage. In extracting the contents from the available books, the comprehensive software of Ahl al-Bayt jurisprudence was used.

The research report shows that there are examples such as proving parentage, the difference between sexual organs in reproduction, etc., all of which indicate that the knowledge of jurisprudence cannot move toward success without the help of other sciences, and, therefore, there is an undeniable need to use data from other sciences to master jurisprudence. Of course, it is also necessary to mention that since there is a possibility of error in experimental sciences, , there is a need to achieve certainty regarding the data before applying them in jurisprudential matters.

It seems that the science of jurisprudence will not be able to succeed without borrowing data from other sciences, and in fact, in many cases, the accurate understanding of the Shari'i ruling is based on the preliminaries that should be studied in other sciences.

Being informed about cancer is worrying for anyone and causes changes in the health and quality of life (QoL) of the affected person. Improving the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer has been one of the important points, especially in the last two decades. Spiritual therapy is a valuable care to improve the quality of life and mental health of cancer patients. However, there are still differences regarding the effect of different types of spirituality- and religion-based treatments on the results of studies. This study aimed to systematically review the results of studies related to the effect of spiritual/religious interventions on improving the mental health and QoL of patients with cancer in Iran.

This study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis methods. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and SID from 2001 to September 2023. Characteristics of the included interventions and data for meta-analysis were extracted. The quality of the included study was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The standardized mean difference effect was calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence. Data was analyzed using RewMan-5 software.

In the first phase of the search, 713 articles were identified. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Spiritual and religious interventions were compared with a usual care control group or other psychosocial interventions. Compared to the control group, the standardized mean difference in the post-test for the effect of spiritual and religious interventions on mental health (SMD = 1.60, 95% CI = [2.67, 0.54]) and QoL (SMD = 1.93, 95% CI = [1.03, 2.83]) was obtained. The percentage of heterogeneity between the results of studies in mental health (95%) and QoL (93%) was high.

The meta-analysis results indicate that spiritual-religious interventions have a significant positive impact on the mental health and QoL of patients with cancer. Oncology nurses, psychologists, counselors and assistants increasingly recognize the significance of the spiritual domain of care. The current study indicates that facilitating awareness and spiritual needs may be a valuable intervention for cancer patients. Thus, the use of spiritual and religious-based interventions is suggested as a good way to improve spiritual and mental health in patients with cancer.