improvement

"Identification of the dimensions and components of the organizational structure based on indicators of educational improvement and development in Farhangian University" was done.
In terms of the fundamental-applicative purpose and in terms of implementation, the mentioned research was the foundation data method (interview with experts). The statistical community of the research included experts from Farhangian University; To determine the sample, a targeted non-random sampling method was used, and 20 people were considered as the sample size using the principle of saturation. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews, which were used to ensure the validity of the tool and to ensure the accuracy of the findings from the researcher's point of view, from the valuable opinions of professor’s familiar with this field and university experts who are experts in this field. They were informed that it was used. Also, retest reliability and intra-subject agreement method were used to calculate the reliability of the conducted interviews.
The results of the analysis showed that among the 32 indicators (items) available, 8 main components can be identified. Based on this, the structural dimensions of Farhangian University including complexity (with vertical, horizontal and geographic components), formality (with flexibility, freedom of action and control) and concentration (with centralization and decentralization components) were introduced.
Also, regarding the concept of educational improvement and development in Farhangian University, knowledge dimensions (with components of cognitive knowledge, subject knowledge and practical knowledge), attitudinal dimensions (with components of entrepreneurial attitude, growth attitude, moral attitude), skills (with components of individual skill, technical skill, professional skill) were introduced.
Identifying the components of the organizational structure based on indicators of educational improvement and development in Farhangian University (Qualitative Study)
Since the production of science is one of the undeniable duties of the scientific and academic part of a society, one must emphasize the role of the university and students in the production of science in society. The culture and community of the university, and consequently, the cultural and social structure are the most important and influential factors on the efficiency and effectiveness of universities, followed by society.
On the other hand, in today's changing world, organizations and educational institutions must engage in their continuous and continuous process in order not to stand up to the complex and problems of their complex and variable environment in order not to get rid of world competitions. Use to reduce defects. "Identifying the dimensions and components of organizational structure based on educational improvement and development indicators at Farhangian University."
The study was fundamental-applied purpose and in terms of implementation was the Foundation's data method (interview with experts). The statistical community of the research included experts at the University of Farhangian, which requires their choice of data collection, a doctoral degree and a doctorate degree. Having an executive and educational job in the development and improvement of the university, which are involved in the decision -making levels of the University of Culture, both currently and in the past. Of course, four of them were also selected by a master's degree. The group is called informed experts who participated in the interview process. Targeted non -random sampling method was used to determine the samples. 20 people were considered using saturation principle as the sample size. The interviewees' profile included 7 administrators of the University of Farhangian, 8 educational assistants of the University of Farhangian University and 5 members of the Farhangian University, which presented the demographic specifications of the interviewees in Table 1. It is worth noting that the interview process was carried out in late spring 1399.
Semi -deep interviews were used to collect data. In individual interviews with the interviewers, 5 main questions were used in the interview. Given that after 20 interviews, the main and sub -factors were repeated in previous interviews and the researcher was saturated, that is, new data were not different from previously collected data, and saturation, interviews Stopped. The interview period was between 30 and 90 minutes.
Findings and The results of the analysis showed that out of the 32 existing indicators, 8 of the main components are identifiable. Accordingly, the structural dimensions of the University of Farhangian were introduced including complexity (with vertical, horizontal and geographical components), formality (with flexibility, freedom of action and control) and concentration (with concentration and decentralization components).
Given the importance of educational development in the university, it is necessary to examine the factors related to it. The organizational structure at the university is one of the factors that can properly improve educational development and improvement. The first and most important task of the structure is that it must be fulfilled by the goals of the organization. Second, the structure is planned to plan for the power of different individuals in the specific organization and procedures. The purpose of the organization's structure is to understand the persons who must comply with the regulations of the organization. The third and last task of the organization determines the scope or scope of power (determined by the amount of power that each post or organization has). It is also implemented in organizational structure, tasks and activities. In general, the structure of the organization is the operation of the organization (Richards, 1996).
With these interpretations, the university's organizational structure is very important. But this structure must be based on educational development indicators in order to expect the situation to be improved. Educational development, especially for the intellectual elite of Third World countries, is of great priority. Because in these countries, underdevelopment is the main challenge of society and all political, social and economic events and developments are affected. Due to the impact of educational development on countries' development, it is necessary to investigate the low and effective bag of education at different levels of development. Given the rapid trend of countries in developing and its relation to educational policies at the general level, it is important to strengthen human capital along with physical and material capital. Also, about the concept of educational improvement and development at the University of Farhangian, the dimensions of knowledge (with cognitive components, subject knowledge and practical knowledge), attitudes (have attitudinal attitudes, attitudes, moral attitudes), skill (having Individual skill components, technical skills, professional skills were introduced.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factorsand components of empowerment of primary school principalsin Tehran based on the components of futures research.

In terms of developmental purposeand type of data, the research method is part of a series ofconsecutive exploratory research, which is both qualitativeand quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitativesection includes a number of specialists and in the quantitativesection includes all male and female teachers of public primaryschools in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, whosenumber was 907 people. In the qualitative part, 12 people wereselected by snowball method and in the quantitative part, 269people were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan tableby cluster and random method. The research tool is aresearcher-made questionnaire.

The results showed; That 6 factors and 20 subcomponents affect the empowerment of managers based on thecomponents of futures research. In addition, the componentsof responsibility (4.764), the role of organizational health(4.656), job strengthening of teachers (4.949), creativethinking (4.905), and delegation (4.961) are currently onempowerment. The basis of futures research components areless effective.

Also, the role model component with acoefficient (6.343) has the most effect and the organizationalhealth component with a coefficient (4.656) has the least effecton empowering managers compared to other components.

In Iran’s health system, with integration of medical education and ministry of health, medical universities have a variety of responsibilities apart from delivering medical education to university students. Medical universities are playing an essential role in management of the health system. They are in charge of providing the necessary prevention and treatment services in provincial levels, as well as management and oversight of the health services needed by the population. Meanwhile, medical universities are expected to maintain and improve population health through scientific and innovative methods. Although the indicators highlight the success of these universities in many of their tasks, sometimes they fail to fulfil the expected targets. Identifying problems and challenges that hinder universities’ performance and supporting them with innovative problem solving methods can help managers in achieving university goals. Therefore, recognizing and analyzing the university challenges are essential steps that should be taken for the strengthening the university system and empower them to respond more successfully to the existing and future needs and to assure that the university continues its pathway toward growth and development and keeps up the track of achieving its goals.

This study is an applied research project, which has been designed to identify and categorize the challenges that affect the performance of different sectors of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The participants of this qualitative study were experts, managers, directors and officers of different sectors of the university, including faculties, deputies, offices, hospitals and health centers. In the first step, an open-ended questionnaire was developed and evaluated to extract challenges and problems faced by different units in the university. Then, this open-ended questionnaire was distributed and the challenges and problems of different academic and non-academic units of the university were collected through questioning the managers and staff of all units and subunits about the most important challenges they face. For each challenge they mentioned, title of the challenge, description, and the rational of their importance and priority was provided. The process continued until no new themes emerged. At the end of this step, a list of existing challenges and problems along with their description and rational for selection were available. In the next step, the collected concepts were analyzed in order to investigate the limiting role of these challenges on the performance of different units in the university. After organizing the answers and reviewing the suggested items, similar and overlapping items were merged or removed.  Also, challenges that targeted a limited number of units or those targeting people (instead of problems or processes) were removed. In the following step, reviewing and coding was performed and themes were extracted by two independent researchers. Finally, the themes were summarized based on the opinions of different experts and by achieving consensus. At the end of this step, affecting factors were identified, categorized and presented. In the last step, three rounds of focus group discussions were held to evaluate the accuracy of the obtained data. In all steps of the study, in order to benefit from the views of a wide range of experts and managers and officers with different experiences, purposive sampling was performed. The data collection continued until data reached saturation. Content analysis was undertaken to provide a complete understanding of the collected data. For maintaining the ethical considerations, the names of the study units and any reference to specific people and occasions were removed from the reports and texts.

we achieved a response rate of 90 percent through multiple reminders and follow ups we sent to unit managers. Based on the responses from units, 215 problems were identified from 38 participating units. The identified problems were categorized into three main themes. Most of the mentioned problems could be categorized under the general theme of lack of evidence-based management. In fact, issues related to lack of evidence-based management was mentioned by almost every participant. This theme includes issues such as Lack of effective monitoring and evaluation systems, and poor frameworks and process flows for applying evaluation results; excessive focus on quantitative approaches for evaluating performance of teams and individuals, and lack of efficient and fair rewarding and punishing systems. The second emerged theme was inefficient bureaucracy, where issues such as legal, managerial, structural and process problems are addresses. Organizational culture was the third extracted theme and defective staff education, communication and motivation, poor workforce performance and attitudes to organization; and insufficient professional commitment were among the most frequently indicated problems. Lack of meritocracy was an issue mentioned across all three themes by participants and was considered as an important determining topic linking all three themes. This topic highlighted lack of predefined approaches for selecting staff at different levels and unclear process of succession in different organizational levels and units.

According to the university workforce, the main problems and challenges that hinder university performance are rooted in an environment of interrelated factors which can be categorized mainly in absence of evidence-based management, inefficient bureaucratic structure, undefined and underdeveloped decision-making process at different levels of the organization, and some aspects of the organizational culture that may adversely affect the processes of the organization. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the university’s existing performance management system, is generally hindering the evidence based management, which in turn, results in shaping of an overall ineffective approach to the decision making processes and a rather static organizational status. Moreover, such cultural environment can consequently cause a attitude of resistance versus different efforts toward evidence based management. Finally, it can be concluded that if a sustainable and effective change is intended to occur in the management of the university, the probable concurrent effects of the designed interventions an all three hindering factors should be considered with high caution. This consideration is especially important because it is believed that implementing an evidence based decision making system in an organization requires detailed evaluation of organizational culture and characteristics; and failing to provide these information properly can result in a serious obstacles in success of the interventions.

Today, training and improvement of human resources is one of the main strategies to achieve human capital and positive adaptation to changing conditions as two competitive advantages of organizations. In recent years, there have been significant and extensive changes in the field of education, which is called the change in the teaching-learning paradigm. One of the emphases of this paradigm shift is the use of different and combined methods in training and improving human resources. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the paradigm shift in human resource training and improvement: focusing on the Individual Development Planning (IDP).

This is a  review-analytical research method with a review of theoretical literature in books written in the field of training and improvement of human resources and the use of published articles in the field of education and curriculum of personalized development, human resources and improvement was done in domestic and foreign magazines in the years 2010-2019, after explaining the importance and necessity of improving human resources to change the paradigm of training to learning in improving human resources, and emphasizing this paradigm to use combined methods and characteristics of new paradigms in human resource training and improvement and theoretical foundations were discussed; Among the most important models of human resource development, the Individualized Development Planning model (IDP) is extensively studied, including the definition, goals and characteristics of the individual development plan, the six-stage process of individual development planning, and finally summarizing and concluding.

The Individual Development Planning (IDP) is a model for human resource training and improvement that focuses on identifying the necessary experiences for the growth and improvement of each individual in order to achieve the common goals of professional development in organizational improvement and promotion.

One of the manifestations of employee empowerment is training. The Individual Development Planning (IDP) is a model for human resource improvement planning; The present results of the study showed that this model of planning can be considered in the form of a continuous and dynamic process for employee excellence and achieving organizational goals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of educational quality based on management factors based on Islamic values.

The present study was applied based on the purpose and quantitative based on the nature of the data. The statistical population included all school principals in Tehran with 2800 people. The Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size of a small fraction. Therefore, 338 school principals were selected as the research sample. In this study, multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select statistical samples. The data collection tool in the present study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated and confirmed. Tests such as confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data.

The findings of the analysis showed that the factors of individual values, social values and strategic values affect the improvement of educational quality in schools in Tehran.

Based on the results of the present study, attention to management factors based on Islamic values affects the improvement of educational quality in schools.

One of the primary duties that circulating and scrub nurses fulfill is to record instruments and procedures adopted during a surgical operation. The present research was performed to explore operating room personnel’s perspectives on both the existing and
improved checklist the one that was produced on the basis of evidence and guidelines.

This non-randomized descriptive study was performed on 28 operating room personnel on both the existing surgical safety checklist and the improved one. The researcher made checklist was provided on the basis of books, results of studies, and qualified specialists’ attitudes. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 as well as descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

Data revealed that 25% (7 persons) and 75% (21 persons) of respondents were men and women respectively. There was statistically significant difference between personnel’s perspectives on the improved checklist and present checklist (24% compared with 77%). Moreover the present checklist is more comprehensive than the previous one (65% compared with 23%). That is to say the improved checklist is a more comprehensive guide than the existing checklist in recording procedure (p<0.05).
Discussion and

It is essential to keep a complete and comprehensive checklist of procedures implemented and instruments used during a surgical operation. Therefore, it is essential to improve and complete the Surgical Safety Checklist on the basis of existing evidence and the results.

Genital wart is a common sexually transmitted infection which impairs the patient's quality of life. One of the plants which is mentioned in traditional medicine for the treatment of genital warts is green tea extract. Considering the need for new and improved treatments for external anogenital warts, as well as the emphasis on the use of home and herbal medicines and its prevalence in families and its use by the patient and saving the health costs due to the lack of need to refer to physician, this study was performed with aim to compare the effect of green tea extract cream with pedophylline solution on the reduction of genital wart lesions.

This clinical trial study was performed in 2018-2019 on 76 women with genital warts. The subjects were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, green tea extract cream was used 3 times a day and in the control group, pedophiline solution was used once a week. The patients in both groups referred every two weeks until 12 weeks or complete recovery of lesions and the number of dimensions and percentage of reduction of lesions were recorded in the lesion assessment form. The validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed by the views of the experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient r=89%. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). P

The number and dimensions of lesions were significant between the two groups of green tea extract and pedophylline in weeks 4, 6 and 8 after the intervention compared with before the intervention (p <0.001) and showed better results in the pedophylline group. But, according to the results of Mann-Whitney test, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the number and size of lesions during the 10 weeks after treatment (p <0.001). The number and dimensions of lesions were significant between the two groups during 10 weeks of intervention compared to before the intervention (p <0.001).

The rate of healing of lesions after the end of treatment in the green tea group was the same as pedophylline, so considering the success of the results of the present study, it is recommended to use this product as a suitable alternative to pedophylline in the treatment of genital warts

Due to the integration of education and treatment in teaching hospitals, the quality of residents’ education has been affected by the implementation of the healthcare transformation plan system. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improving the quality of Residents Education based on healthcare transformation plan.

This qualitative study was conducted on 24 managers, professors and assistants of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using a grounded theory approach and Purposeful sampling was performed until theoretical saturation and confidentiality of information was achieved. Data were  collected through semi-structured interviews and open coding was done using MAXQDA10, in the next step the open source categories were identified as axial categories, and in the last stage, the relationship between the axial categories (selective coding) was determined.

Findings based on analyzing data including : ground condition (burden of treatment), causal condition (clinical education), intervening condition (supervision process) and strategies (education standardization, Qualification of education, promotion of professional ethics and preservation of human dignity and comprehensive review of pre-implementation transformation plan), and implications (reducing teacher and assistant therapeutic work, motivating residents, reducing medical error, increasing education time ,increasing supervision of occupational therapist and assistant).

Increasing the quality and quantity of education in medical universities will definitely have a positive effect on how patients are treated and on their health over time. The results showed that by creating appropriate infrastructure in educational hospitals, quality of residents' education will be improved as one of the key elements in promoting and improving educational system performance before and after implementation of health system development plan.

The quantitative growth of higher education system and consequently medical education in recent years has caused the quality of Important Components in Education, specially the exams with less consideration..

The purpose of this study is “the Identification of effective factors in improving the quality of medical specialty board exams from the perspective of stakeholders”

In order to analyze this descriptive-analytical study, in the first step, three groups of stakeholders including board members, assistants and program managers were asked to give their viewpoints on the factors affecting the quality improvement of the speciality board exam in the four fields studied using a questionnaire.

Based on the results of the study, it was found that the participants rated the impact of organizational, psychological, physical and factors along with the designing of the test questions on improving the quality of the specialty board exams above the average. Moreover in the quantitative analysis, the results in the four fields showed that the highest percentage of difficult questions were related to questions with moderate difficulty and in index of discrimination, questions have appropriate dicriminatin index. Also, the KR20 Reliability test in all four fields have been above 0.8.

The results of this project emphasize more on the influential components that improve the quality of tests which include organizational, psychological , physical and factors along with designing the test questions. Moreover, the participation of all the stakeholders in the survey provides comprehensive findings which may or help improve the holding of the specialty board exam along with the preparation and design of test questions. Keywords: improvement , board examination , stakeholders

Spiritual health and Semantics have a history as old as humanity. These concepts have been explained  in Islamic teachings by religious scholars in terms of the "perfect human" with a "confident soul" and a "pure heart". This article reviews the strategies for promoting and implementing Islamic spiritual health in the society.

This article was selected from a panel at the 6th Islamic Spiritual Health Conference and completed by using library studies.

The results showed that in order to promote Islamic spiritual health it is essential to "Explain concepts and examples", "plan educational programs for higher education", "integrate public policies in the health care system", "improve health care centers", "improve  knowledge, ", "assess and address the health system", "evaluate realities, threats, needs and priorities via monitoring,’and  evaluating the trend in improvement of spiritual health in the community and  the health system".

Improvement in spiritual health of the community is based on Islamic teachings .models and efforts of health policymakers and academia. Educational systems (public education, higher education, religious education, etc), health policymakers, religious leaders and responsible organizations for health and culture, have to develop a comprehensive program for education, promotion and generalization of spiritual health in all aspects of the health care system.