فاضلاب صنایع شوینده

The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between efflux pump activity and the frequency of pslABD genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected from diabetic foot infections.

In this descriptive-analytical study, we obtained 91 isolates of P. aeruginosa from diabetic ulcers through biochemical testing. We assessed the antibiotic resistance patterns and identified ESBL- and AmpC-producing strains using the disc diffusion method. The activity of the efflux pumps was evaluated using the agar cartwheel method. Additionally, we investigated the pslABD locus along with the mexA, oprD, and oprM genes using PCR.

Out of the 91 P. aeruginosa isolates, 68 (74.7%) were identified as ESBL strains, and 53 (58.2%) as AmpC strains. Additionally, 61 isolates (67.1%) formed biofilms, while 30 isolates (32.9%) did not. Furthermore, the presence of the following genes was noted: mexA in 19 isolates (20.8%), pslA in 22 isolates (24.1%), pslB in 27 isolates (29.6%), pslD in 19 isolates (20.8%), oprD in 36 isolates (39.5%), and ompM in 41 isolates (45%). A significant relationship was observed between the presence of pslA (P=0.02), pslB (P=0.019), and pslD (P=0.03) and the frequency distribution of beta-lactamase-producing strains. Moreover, isolates carrying the pslA (P=0.012), pslB (P=0.49), and pslD (P=0.025) genes exhibited significantly increased efflux pump activity.

In P. aeruginosa from diabetic foot, the psl locus is crucial in enhancing the activity of efflux pumps and influencing the distribution of AmpC and ESBL-producing strains.

Among the various treatment methods, the use of technologies related to biological processes such as biofilm systems is very important. The aim of this study was to optimization of MBSBR bioreactor for control of F/M Ratio and system's organic shock with an emphasis on LAS removal from detergent industries wastewater.
A plexy glass made reactor with totally 35 L volume (useful volume of 30 L) has been used and operated in three media filling rate (40, 50 and 60%). System organic loading rate and LAS were 1000 mg/L for COD and 100, 200 and 250 mg/L for LAS.
The results indicated that MBSBR has high ability in treatment of detergent industries wastewater. So that the maximum removal efficiency of organic load and LAS in the hydraulic retention time of 2.5 hours with organic loading rate of 1000 mg/L and LAS rate of 100 mg/L (for COD) and 200 mg/L (for LAS) in the media filling rate of fifty percent were 90.3 and 99.71%, respectively. In optimal conditions, F/M ratio obtained in media filling rate of 50% was in the range of 0.03-0.1 day-1. Also LAS removal efficiency obtained at organic shocks of 1500 and 2000 mg/L were 98.12 and 96.42, respectively which means MBSBR have high ability to control it.
The results showed the high ability of MBSBR biofilm reactor for LAS removal at different F/M ratio and system organic shocks so it can be used as effective biological treatment system.