مهدی ضرغامی

Due to the occurrence of drought in the last decade and its intensification in recent years in Iran and consequently in the Zayandeh Rood River Basin, the sustainability of water resources has faced a serious challenge. In this regard, the sustainability of water resources will be realized with institutions appropriate to the conditions of the area and participating stakeholders. In order to reach this situation, it is necessary to know and examine the governance regime in the country's watersheds. For this reason, in this research, the mode and regime of governance in the Zayandeh Rood River Basin, which is a common strategic water resource in the country, is investigated and determined. To determine the governance method at the organizational level, a questionnaire with acceptable validity was used by the relevant professors and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.78. n order to analyze the results of the questionnaire to determine the governance style at the organizational level, the answers were entered into SPSS software and then analyzed using the Friedman, Duncan and analysis of variance tests. The results showed that out of ten sub-functions of governance, nine functions have a hierarchical mode of governance, while four functions have a network mode of governance and only one function has a market mode of governance. Also, in order to determine the governance regime in the Zayandeh Rood River Basin, the Social network analysis method (SNA) was used. The results of the analysis of the institutional network also showed that the current governance regime in the Zayandeh Rood watershed is a centralized rent-seeking regime, which is considered one of the characteristics of the hierarchical governance style. Finally, in order to achieve Polycenteric governance, it was proposed to transfer decisions to the sub-basin and integrate governance methods.

The current policy of water data in Iran is facing many problems while the number of users and the variety of services required in the field of water and its data are increasing. There is often a gap between what is available and what public and private decision makers need; But due to the high costs of creating the infrastructure to gather, process and share these data, many people and private sector investors cannot afford to implement these infrastructures; For this purpose, government infrastructures should be used to access these data. This research, the data of which was obtained with 15 semi-structured interviews and analyzed with thematic analysis and institutional mapping methods, showed that there are certain institutional barriers to receive these data and information from government organizations in Iran, such as the lack of comprehensive policy, natural monopoly of data in the government, the discretionary performance and the competition of government organizations with each other. Therefore, the goal of this research was to open public access to these data and 4 solutions were presented. Finally, the solution of "public-private collaborative interaction with responsible organizations" helped most of all to solve the identified problems.

Water is one of the limiting factors for the development of the country's agricultural economy, and the correct way to allocate this input among different agricultural activities to improve its efficiency is one of the main goals of policymakers in the agricultural sector. Improving water efficiency can be a suitable criterion for identifying an appropriate water allocation policy in each region.This study utilized the Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) technique to investigate the effects of various water-pricing policies in the Ajabshir Plain. Data were collected through simple random sampling and face-to-face interviews with farmers during the agricultural year (1400-1399). Four scenarios were implemented regarding the price and quantity of water consumed for major agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, potato, and onion, as well as major horticultural products, including grape, apple, almond, and walnut.The results indicated that, for all selected products, increasing the water price in the most of applied scenarios led to an increase in cultivation area, reduction, and productivity. Based on the Net Benefit per Drop (NBPD) index, walnut with 187,910 Rials per cubic meter of water, almond with 180,247 Rials per cubic meter of water, and potato with 83,827 Rials per cubic meter of water had the highest index values. According to this study, increasing the price of water and modifying cultivation patterns while considering the principles of sustainable development are effective strategies to enhance water productivity. Additionally, efficient water demand management can help to prevent waste.

Currently, numerous sub-basins located in the Urmia Lake Basin (ULB) are experiencing water shortages. Gadar River basin is one of the most important basins of the ULB in which proper water allocation and management are paramount of importance. A decision support system based on a water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) could be highly beneficial in water allocation plans at the basin scale. In this research, the WEAP-MABIA model has been used to analyze and simulate water supply and demand in the three major catchments of Gadar River basin. The year 2009 was chosen as the base year of modeling, all nodes of supply and resources were created, and the rainfall-runoff model was simulated. Then, the Gauss-Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm, embedded in the PEST tool, is implemented for calibration. The efficiency of the model is proved by the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient for the calibration and validation period, which is ranged from 0.68-0.87. Ultimately, several management strategies such as a slight increase in irrigation efficiency, fallow implementation, and cultivation of low-demanded were employed to investigate the sustainability of water resources in the Gadar River basin. The results revealed that simultaneous implementation of %10 fallow along with 5% increase in irrigation efficiency could enhance the water supply reliability, compare to status que, in Oshnaviyeh, Naqadeh and Hasanlu basins %12, %19, and %11 respectively. Hence, this scenario, with decreasing the unmet demand, would play a major role to ameliorate the water shortages in the study area.

In recent decades, increasing population, and then water demand intensified have led to exploitation of groundwater resources.Lack of water along with its lack of proper management and conflicts between its sharing stakeholders. Often in most of these conflicts, the amount of water demand by the stakeholders is more than the amount of available water. Therefore, the management of underground water and withdrawals should be such that in addition to meeting the needs of consumers in a fair manner, the stability of the aquifer should also be taken into consideration. For this purpose, bankruptcy theory, which is one of the cooperative game theory approaches, has been used to allocate water among the Stakeholders. Bankruptcy methods include Proportional bankruptcy(P) Constrained Equal Award bankruptcy(CEA) Constrained Equal Loss bankruptcy(CEL) Talmud(TAL) Piniles(PIN) and Adjusted Proportional bankruptcy (AP). The study area in this study is Damghan plain at the Semnan province. The annual water requirement of this region is about 110 million cubic meters and the annual water withdrawal from the aquifer is about 87 million cubic meters. In this study,10 stakeholder regions from the agriculture, urban and industry sections are considered. The results obtained from bankruptcy proceedings have been valuated by the indicators of majority voting, stability in behavior, groundwater level taking into account uncertainty, and the integration of previous indicators. According to the results, the CEL method is selected as the best method with stability in the same behavior (level of satisfaction) among stakeholders, resulting in groundwater level higher and the highest β index.

The water supply network is one of the most critical infrastructures of human societies, which could cause illness or death in many consumers due to its expanding nature. Water pollution is one of the ways of spreading biological pollutants among the population, which is known as bioterrorism today. Biological contamination usually occurs with the use of pathogens and biotoxins. Therefore, recognizing the vulnerable stages of the water supply network against various pollutants is of particular importance. In this research, in the first stage, a selection of five pathogens (Bacillus anthracis, Cryptosporidiosis, Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella) that are more likely to pollute water sources have been made. Thus, employing each component of the water supply system (including raw water source (dam)), Raw water storage tank, water treatment plant, treated water transmission line, treated water tanks, and distribution network (30 scenarios) were defined. In the next step, using multi-criteria group decision-making and employing three main criteria (vulnerability of each water supply stage, the amount of contaminant damage power, the amount of contaminant risk in each of the water supply stages) and their sub-criteria, the weight of each criterion was determined from the perspective of decision-makers by utilizing GFDM software. After analyzing the scenarios, the risk level of each scenario was ranked. Scenario 26 created the most risk, which consists of introducing the pathogen Bacillus anthracis into the distribution network. The entry of contamination into the distribution network due to high availability and lack of subsequent treatment steps, as well as the slight chance of preventing the contaminant from reaching consumers, can cause many diseases and deaths. Furthermore, it has a high resistance against chloride and is stable in water, so the entry of this contaminant into the distribution network can be dangerous. Considering the existing conditions, recognizing and calculating the risk of different scenarios can lead to readiness and increase the speed of action in response to possible biological attacks.

The use of a systematic view has increased to deal with social and environmental problems in recent years. Recently, various models have been developed to address urban water issues. Most of them are focused on runoff and storm water management and few have addressed the problems of the Drinking water system. However, the lack of an effective model that supports complex and multi-objective urban water system in terms of management and decision-making is felt. This article focuses on the importance of a sustainable approach to the conventional approach in urban water management and the need to change attitudes due to the current state of water resources. In this paper a novel system dynamics model has been developed, taking into account the technical, economic, social, environmental and government subsystems that simulate and predict the results of urban water management measures. The results of the implementation of the proposed model on the city of Isfahan showed that the model has a high precision in simulating system condition. The model error rate in simulation of different parameters is less than 5%. Therefore, the model can be used as a tool for analyzing different management strategies before implementing and spending time and cost to assist decision makers.

The construction of dams in downstream basins can have significant impacts on the environment and water resources. This study investigates the effects of the Mulla Sadra Dam in the upstream area of the Dorodzan Dam in southern Iran, where drought conditions and over-water withdrawal are prevalent. Data from various meteorological and hydrometry stations in and around the basin were analyzed for a 45-year period, and the discharge affected by Mulla Sadra Dam was calculated using the Chamriz hydrometry station as a reference. The natural discharge of Chamriz station was estimated using the Trend removal method, and water withdrawal upstream of the station was calculated. The discharge of 11 sub-basins was estimated using the gross runoff method or experimental methods such as Justin and Icar. Results show that the average annual natural discharge of Chamriz station was 33.62 m3/s, and the average annual water withdrawal upstream of the station was 9.47 m3/s. The average annual natural discharge of the upstream basin of Mulla Sadra Dam and Dorodzan Dam was 18.64 and 43.40 m3/s, respectively.

With the increase in climate and social change, the issue of water security in cities is becoming more highlighted and urban decision makers are paying attention to issues such as water productivity and reuse of sewage to achieve sustainable municipal water management. In this study, a framework of urban water metabolism was developed based on the water balance. The water flow patterns in the urban areas examined and the performance of water management in Isfahan was evaluated. In this article, previous equations of urban water metabolism reviewed and new relationships were defined by adding parameters such as Non-revenue water, taking into account the conditions of urban water management in developing countries such as Iran. The developed water metabolism model was first used on Isfahan city as a real sample for 2019 and the pattern of water use and urban water performance of Isfahan were analyzed. The city of Isfahan is largely dependent on surface water (water of the Zayandeh-Rud Dam and River), While having a lot of domestic consumer, it has a high potential in terms of gray water and treated wastewater. Studies showed that more than 80% of Isfahan's water requirement is provided from foreign sources, and this indicates that Isfahan's sustainable water supply is weak and there is severe dependence on the surrounding areas for water supply. These results show that the water metabolism framework helps to facilitate more comprehensive understanding and evaluations of city water performance.

Since the water resources systems are most affected by the climate change phenomenon, the organizations which manage the social and ecological demands of water can greatly impact the adaptation to this phenomenon. The adaptive capacity of a water resources system is influenced by various factors and the improvement of each of these factors would lead to an increase in the adaptation capacity of the entire system against the climate change and accordingly less vulnerability against it. In this article, the barriers to the adaptation of the water resources system of the Qarrangu basin against climate change have been identified from the perspective of administrative institutions related to water resources management and the causal relationships between these institutions have been investigated. The study was carried out in the framework of qualitative research strategy and based on thematic analysis method and interviewing the key people in the organizations in charge of the water management in the watershed. Using purposeful sampling under the snowball method and conducting 20 interviews, the theoretical saturation was achieved. Aiming at more reliability 2 more interviews were also conducted but no extra information was acquired. The results show that adaptation barriers in the studied basin can be categorized in three main groups; barriers caused by the attributes of actors, by the characteristics of the water resources system structure, and by the environmental characteristics. Finally, using the system dynamic analysis approach, the causal relationships between the barriers have been identified and solutions have been proposed to overcome such.

Sport production companies operate under the name of "private organizations" to monetize through the sale of sports goods and services, thereby improving their performance, and they need a model that can emphasize factors affecting company performance. Based on the objective of presenting the conceptual model of the factors affecting the performance of sporting companies in Iran, with the emphasis on supply chain integration, the present study was conducted to justify the integration of supply chain. The aim of this study was to provide a model for the effect on the performance of sporting companies in Iran. This research was a combination of research, both exploratory and instrumental modeling implemented in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The statistical population of this study was 105 mid-size and large-scale sporting companies in Iran. A sample of 230 people was selected by a variety of executives and experts. Measuring instruments based on the literature of the research and verified by the experts, and its validity and reliability were confirmed in the research. Data analysis was performed using the spss-19 software and the structural equation model lisrel 8.8 was performed. The results showed that the proposed model of research is appropriately fitted. In addition, the employees' commitment directly and indirectly affects the performance of sporting companies in Iran. Supply chain integration affects the performance of sporting companies in Iran. The findings suggest that the commitment of employees through the integration of supply chain can affect the performance of Iranian sports production companies.

After about six decades of widespread government interventions, the effects of these measures on the current mechanisms of the water resources management system are undesirable and in some cases, irreversible. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a shift from the focus on the state to a concept of governance, as a system of power distribution, participation, and the use of all social capacities to advance public affairs. One of the frameworks in this regard is the Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD), established by Strom. This study, used the IAD framework to evaluate the water resources management system in the irrigation and drainage network of the Sahand dam downstream. The required information was collected through valid documents, observation and interviewing 25 people, including users, managers of water cooperatives and experts of related government organizations. The information obtained through interviews as well as the available documents were analyzed by content analysis method and the results were interpreted in the form of IAD framework. Findings show that due to the subsistence of agriculture in the study area and strong dependence on water resources, free riding in the area interests many; Moreover, inefficient monitoring, and the lack of a proportionate and deterrent punishment mechanism, increase the motivation for infringement. The attraction of the free riding and increasing the motivation to commit violations has weakened the performance of the water resources system of the Sahand Dam downstream network in order to achieve collective action. Accordingly, empowering the local community and water cooperatives in terms of legal power and legitimizing their presence and activities, the participation of the local community in policy decisions to increase the enforceability of policies and Increasing the sense of responsibility in the local community, reforming the laws in the areas of supervision, and deterrent punishment of violators can be considered as policy recommendations of the present study.

Excessive water extraction from aquifers in arid and semi-arid areas poses a serious threat to natural resources and the environment. Damghan's critical forbidden plain has faced a drop in groundwater level in recent years. In this study, the agent-based model has been used to simulate the behavior of effective stakeholders in the region. First, the agent-based model is considered based on the key stakeholders of the region (farmers are the most important consumers of groundwater in the region, Regional Water Company and Agriculture- Jahad), characteristics, behavior, characteristics of the environment, how the interaction between the agents and the environment (Damghan aquifer). Information about exploitation wells and characteristics of the dominant cultivation in the region is related to 1397. To identify the behavior and characteristics of the agents, a visit to the area and interviews with experts and farmers have been done. The characteristics, behaviors, and interactions of agents are expressed by if-then rules or logical operators or by formulated equations. Then, management scenarios in the study area have been studied for 10 years. The results show that the simultaneous implementation of four projects of installing smart meters, modifying well licenses, promoting new irrigation systems, and establishing production cooperatives while maintaining farmers' net incomes will reduce water withdrawal 44% compared to the base scenario. Also, as a result of the implementation of these four projects, the irrigation method of 4000 hectares of agricultural lands will be changed to pressurized irrigation.

The study is to design a structural equation model for stress interaction and burnout on mental health considering its impact on sport and youth workers in Tehran province. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population (n=1300) included all employees of sport and youth departments of Tehran province. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 286 people as the sample of the study. The instrument was a standard questionnaire for occupational stress, occupational burnout and mental health. Structural equations and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the research model using SPSS19 software and Lisrel 8/8 software.  The results showed that the model in the first stage of appropriate fitness so that burnout and job stress, mental health is affected, but the moderating role of mental health in relation to stress and burnout was approved. The new model presented results that mental health is ofa mediator role in the relationship between job stress and burnout.

In this research, System Dynamics (SD) modeling was developed for facilitates the integrated and sustainable management of water and soil resources and improving the understanding of watershed systems in the Hableh-Rud River Basin. Reference diagrams were created to represent causal relationships and feedbacks. The conceptual model, included physical, economic, and social sub-systems, was created based by causal relationships and feedbacks. The model of stocks and flows run in the Vensim software environment. The model is comprised of Model verification was carried out through extreme condition tests and behavior reproduction test. Having the Nash-Sutcliff and R2 coefficients with greater values than 0.62 and 0.63, respectively, the SD model satisfactorily simulates all variables. Different scenarios of vegetation management, climate, water resources management, and cropping patterns were compared to the outputs of the existing condition. The results of scenario analyses for a 30-year period show that the agricultural water use efficiency scenario, as the best scenario, increases groundwater and water infiltration volume by 14.3 and 11.1 percent, respectively. With regard to the erosion and sedimentation variables, rangeland restoration activities were chosen as the best scenario, with 7.12 and 5.24 percent reduction. The greatest reduction in nitrogen and phosphorous loss, 8% and 6.4% reduction could be achieved by implementing the rangeland restoration scenario. From an economic perspective, payment for 50% of the ecosystem services, with about 46 percent improvement compared to the current condition, was determined as the best scenario. Stakeholders expressed their highest willingness to participate in the farm management activities with the accumulated score of 85.6 for public acceptance index. The SD model is a beneficial approach for stakeholders understanding of the causal relationships and feedbacks in the system.

Over the last few years, our country has been facing to the water crisis. Therefore, this is important and necessary to creating a fair balance between available freshwater resources and the amount of demand and consumption in communities. That is why water resources proper management and advanced methods development has an essential role in the supply of freshwater. The purpose of present research is to evaluate the quality of the water in the Qanat of the Tabriz University and provide a suitable purification system for the exploitation of that water in the sports complex of the university to properly water resources management and reduce consumption. For that goal, in the first step, according to the results of qualitative experiments of Qanats water, 18 scenarios were proposed, for comparing and choosing the best candidate, it has been taken four main criteria and 13 sub-criteria. In this study, multi-criteria group decision making, TOPSIS method, and Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) have been used. Which GFDM software has been used to analyze multi-criteria group decision making. Finally, according to the decision makers’ results, the value of each criterion was calculated and analyzed; and it was found that the H scenario was the best choice of the decision makers' point of view was reverse osmosis as a desalination method, sand filter, cartridge filter, and ultra-filter was the best choice for pre-treatment and chlorination.

Population growth and population needs, including the need for food, necessitates the development and implementation of policy solutions based on reducing the pressure on water resources. Especially when the notion of food security and self-sufficiency policies for strategic commodities have been the focus of attention in higher policies of the country. One of the most effective solutions is to use a diet that has low water demand. On the other hand, considering some deficiencies in the current diet of the country; it is necessary to change it and design a healthy and sustainable diet that simultaneously promotes the health of the community and reduces its environmental effects (such as water footprint). In this study, the current dietary pattern and three alternative food baskets are evaluated by the multi-criteria group decision-making taking into account criteria including health (energy and protein intake from the diet), environment (water footprint), the economic cost of the diet, and social acceptance of the diet. Finally, the desired dietary pattern and its effects are introduced. Also, to analyze the uncertainty of some data, such as the price of products, and to create random numbers, tools such as Central Limit Theorem have been used. One of the most important outcomes of this study is the weakness of the current diet compared to other diets from environmental, health, and economic perspectives. The results also showed that designing diets, while improving health, can lead to an annual reduction in water consumption, which can lead to food security in the country.

In recent years, reverse osmosis method has played a major role in desalination of brackish and saline waters. The purpose of this study is to provide a proper desalination system for the use of aqueduct water in the University of Tabriz for health consumption in order for proper water management. According to the results of qualitative experiments, in the first step, the reverse osmosis desalination system was selected and designed. Through that, according to the different types of membranes and pre-purifiers, 15 scenarios were evaluated by 4 main criteria (economic, technical, environmental and social) and 6 sub-criteria. With the help of water application value engine (WAVE) software, the scenarios were modeled based on the opinion of decision makers and the weight of each criterion was calculated. Finally, group fuzzy decision making (GFDM) software was used to analyze group multi-criteria decision making to determine the best scenarion. In this study, by combining the WAVE and GFDM software the opinions of officials and experts are directly applied in the design and selection of the treatment system, leading to increase in the users’ satisfaction. Finally, the results show that the M scenario is the best choice of the decision-makers' point of view, which includes XLE-440 membranes for reverse osmosis and SFD-2880 ultrafiltration filter. In addition, to more accurately examine the behavior of the scenarios, sensitivity analysis on the parameters has also been performed.

The Iran’s Supreme Water Council (SWC) was established in 2000 with the aim of creating the necessary institutional and organizational bases for the coordination of policies on water supply, distribution and consumption. However, two decades after its inception, the fact that the water management issues are becoming more complex and deeper and the discrepancies in the policies, actions, and their consequences are widening, raise the questions that; to what extent has the SWC been successful in its missions, and to what extent has it had the necessary effectiveness and authority in resolving the conflicts and applying good water governance in the country. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to present the results and achievements in identifying, reviewing and analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the SWC and to conclude the strategies and action plan needed to improve the performance of the SWC. The methodology used is based on the formation of an expert working group from different disciplines and sectors and holding brain storming meetings to harvest ideas of stakeholders. Finally the study employed a combination of SWOT technology and matrix technique (IFE-EFE Matrix) to evaluate internal and external factors for analyzing the results. The study identified 11 strengths (S), 10 weaknesses (W), 9 opportunities (O) and 7 threats (T) in regards of the SWC. According to the calculated scores for internal and external factors (i.e. 2.34 and 2.62, respectively), the intersection of these two values in the SWOT diagram located in the “WO” zone, which indicated that the main strategy to be followed to improve the authority of the SWC, would be an adaptive (conservative) strategy. For greater effectiveness and authority of the SWC, a new vision and mission was developed. Also, five sub-main strategies and 21 actions were identified to improve the performance and authority of the SWC. The proposed action plan was tailored to the identified sub-strategies, and then weighted and prioritized. The results indicated that in good water governance and for coordinated policy-making, the spirit of inter-institutional cooperation between government institutions should be accepted as a fundamental principle and the social interactions of the council should be increased. It is also necessary to expand the council's cooperation with ministries within the executive branch, the judiciary branch, the legislative branch, universities, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders.

Exercise is one of the factors that can be used to moderate the physical, mental, psychological and social pressures caused by life in the turbulent and stressful world of todaychr('39')s life. Research has shown that people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease, suffer less stress and have more self-confidence, are also more optimistic about life, and they are less likely to suffer from depression. Undoubtedly, recognizing the interests and motivations of the society, can be a good guide in studying the strategies to attract them as much as possible in sports and health activities and therefore in the field of health issues and problems of society and sports and physical education as an important software. The aim of the present study was to investigate the needs and accurate analysis of current challenges and problems and to orient the development of community health along with sports to provide a native model of health development with the use of sports in the country. Exercise as a multidimensional tool has a wide range of effects in various fields. Cross-sectional research has shown that regular exercise can improve health and improve the quality of life in healthy and sick people. Given that the development of public sports in society is of particular importance due to the breadth and diversity of programs related to public and recreational sports activities in the current context. Many sports organizations in the country have developed strategic planning so that they can set standards to facilitate control while determining the direction of reducing the impact of change, minimizing waste and damage. The purpose of this study is to develop health with the use exercise with a combination of design approaches and ISM modeling.

The research method was a two-step exploratory combination of instrument making. In the qualitative section, using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique), 12 experts in the field of sports and health (to identify the model of health development with the use of sports were selected and interviewed with them). The tool used to identify the factors of the model development of health through the use of exercise, semi-structured interviews) with focus groups (and the study of documents. To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the method of evaluation of Lincoln and Guba was used to conduct this research with a comprehensive study and also according to experts, eight factors that explain the development of health with the use of exercise were identified D. Then, using the interpretive structural modeling technique and using the questionnaire tool, the factors were grouped into five groups. According to the results, factors such as health promotion and healthy lifestyle, promotion and promotion of sports culture, the importance and impact of public sports and increasing the participation of individuals, are less effective in relation to health development with the use of sports. Also, in a small part, the research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population studied is all faculty members of the faculties of medical sciences and physical education. The instrument used in the quantitative section was the researcher-made scale based on the qualitative section. For the study of formal validity, ten professors of sports management were used and for the content validity of the questionnaire questions, the carcass model was used (cvr = 0.88) and the content validity was confirmed. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha was also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural-equation modeling were used to analyze the fit of the research model to analyze the data.

According to descriptive and functional results such as health promotion and healthy lifestyle, promoting and promoting sports culture, the importance and impact of public sports and increasing peoplechr('39')s participation, are less effective in communicating on the subject of health development with exercise. The results of the quantitative section also showed that the amount of T corresponding to each factor had a significant effect and all the framework of the health development model was approved using exercise. The results also showed that the research model has a good fit.

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that public sports is an important strategic program for health promotion and for health and human resource productivity in the personnel of Iran Oil Company, strategic and targeted programs are needed to achieve the following goals and objectives.

The water crisis caused by rapid population growth, unbalanced economic development, climate change, and inefficient water resources management is recognized as the most significant threat in recent century. Groundwater resources, one of the most important available water resources, have faced many challenges in recent years as 404 out of 609 plains have been declared. The agricultural sector, as the main consumer of groundwater, has played a major role in creating this crisis. In the research, the impacts of different non-strategic crops on groundwater level and farmers’ income have been investigated using long term system dynamics. The Qazvin Aquifer, which has been declared a prohibited plain since 1962, was picked as a case study. After collecting time series data and preparing it, the 15- year causality model was built up using VENSIMPLE software, which calibrated using a genetic algorithm. The results showed that the transfer of water from Taleghan dam to Qazvin Plain helped to reduce ten meters of drawdown during a 15- year period. The impact of 17 different crops on groundwater level and farmers’ net income were researched for Qazvin Plain. The results showed that farmers’ income is most impacted by the grape crop with a high economic water footprint, while groundwater level is most affected by the wheat crop. Next, the influence of the removal of non-strategic crops with high water requirement was evaluated in the plain. The results showed that removing non-strategic crops is selected as optimal scenario by applying four conflict resolution methods in symmetric conflicts.

The study is to investigate the effect of individual motivations on smartphone acceptance for Accessing to sports services. The research method was descriptive-surveying and was performed on 523 undergraduate students of sport sciences of Khuzestan Azad Universities that were selected randomly. To collect the data, we used personal motivation of using smart phone of Kang (2015) and Kang et al (2015). The questionnaire reliability and validity were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient respectively. Its Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0/9. Findings showed that 47/4% of students use smart phones more than 5 times daily to receive sports services. They most commonly use smart phones in social networks. The coefficient of individual motivators’ effect on intention to use (0/392) and intention to use in actual use (0/192) as well as t-value of both factors was higher than 1/96, which indicates the effect of individual motivations on intention to use and intent to use in actual use of sports services through smart phones. The highest and the lowest coefficients were seen in curiosity motivation (0/83) and intelligence motivation (0/44) respectively. Sports organizations can enhance other motivational factors to use sports services through smart phones by providing services in accordance with consumers’ needs and formulating an appropriate marketing strategy, in particular stimulating consumer’s sense of curiosity through advertising.